What is Adjective and Type of Adjective

Adjective কাকে বলে? কত প্রকার ও কি কি উদাহরণ সহ লিখ ?

Adjective (নাম বিশেষন): যে word শুধুমাত্র noun বা pronoun- কে qualify করে অর্থৎ শুধুমাত্র নামপদের বিশেষত্ব বা বৈশিষ্ট্য প্রকাশ করে, তাকে adjective বলে।
যেমন:
               Give me a red  pen
                        adj      N
কেমন pen? – red pen. অর্থাৎ pen (N)-এর বিশেষত্ব বা বৈশিষ্ট্য হচ্ছে red বা লাল।   
সুতরাং red শব্দটি adjective| কিন্তু ‘Red is my favourite colour’ –এ বাক্যটিতে red
শব্দটি noun। কারন এখনে উহা একটি রং এর নাম রূপে ব্যবহৃত এবং ‘is’ verb এর subject। এছাড়া my শব্দটিও এখানে pronoun নয়। কার favourite colour ? –আমার (my) । ‘colour’ (N) কে Qualify করেছে বলে my শব্দটি এখানে Adjective, ‘Favourite’ শব্দটিও Adjective।
    I walk in the morning- বাক্যে ‘walk’ verb.
    Walking is good for health- বাক্যে ‘Walking’ noun

The old man is walking with a walking stick.
             V                         adj        N
এ বাক্যে প্রথম ‘Walking’ verb কিন্তু দ্বিতীয় ‘Walking’ Adjective । কারন উহা stick
(N) কে qualify করেছে । কেমন stick?-‘Walking’ stick.

কাজেই কোন Word-এর বাহ্যিক চেহারা দেখে উহাকে কোন নির্দিষ্ট Part of speech রূপে অভিহিত করলে ভুল হবে এবং অবিচার করা হবে ।ঐ Word টি আসলে কি ভূমিকা পালন করছে তার উপরই নির্ভর করবে word টি কোন part of speech.।

Adjective:
An adjective is a part of speech (word) that modifies a noun or a pronoun by qualifying, specifying or describing it.

Generally an adjective modifies a noun by answering one of these following questions:
Which? What kind? How many?

Example:
- Foxes are cunning animal. (Answer the question “What king of animal?”)
- Five or six gunmen attack the area. (Answer the question “How many gunmen?”)
- The one eyed man tells him the story. (Answer the question “Which man?”)

Adjective Classification:

Following are the different types of adjectives

·         Qualitative Adjective or Descriptive Adjective or Adjective of quality

·         Quantitative Adjective or Adjective of quantity

·         Numeric Adjective or Adjective of Number

·         Demonstrative Adjective

·         Distributive Adjective

·         Possessive Adjective

·         Interrogative Adjective

i. Qualitative Adjective or Adjective of quality:

Express the qualities of something or someone.
Such as great, good, bad, wise, poor, nice, happy, pretty, angry, blue etc.

Example:
- He gives me a great idea.
- Mr. Rahim is a good person.
- He is a bad guy.

Adjective of quality answer the question: what kind?

ii. Quantitative Adjective or Adjective of quantity:

Express or indicate the quantity of a noun or pronoun.
Such as some, little, much, enough, whole, sufficient, all, none, more, half, no etc.

Example:
- I have enough money to but he car.
- The whole countrymen congratulate the president.
- She wants all the money.

Adjective of quantity answer the question: How many or much?

iii. Numeric or Adjective of number:

Express the number or order of something or someone. Such as one, two, three, ………., first, second, third, ……………, single, double, triple, quadruple, twofold, threefold, fivefold, ………… etc.

Example:
- He can eat ten eggs at a time.
- She is the first girl in the class.
- The house owner does not rent the room to the single person.

Adjective of number is to types Definite and Indefinite.

Definite Numeric adjectives are of three kinds.
Such as
- Cardinal (one, two, ….),
- Ordinal (first, second, ……),
- Multiplicative (Single, double, ……..)

iv. Demonstrative Adjective:

Specify the nouns or pronouns. Such as this, that, those, these etc.

Example:
- This boy is good.
- That is her room.
- These are the book to follow.

v. Distributive Adjective:

Express the distributive state of nouns. Such as every, each, neither, either, both etc.

Example:
- Every movie in the series is popular.
- Both the boys are appreciated by them.
- Each person will get the reward.

vi. Possessive Adjective:

Shows the possession or belongingness in the sentence. Such as his, her, him, my, our, your, their etc.

Example:
- This is her cell phone.
- I have seen their house.
- Our house is tow stored house.

vii. Interrogative Adjective:

Interrogative Adjective modifies nouns in interrogative sentence. Such as which, what, whose etc.

Example:
- What kind of man he is?
- Whose phone is this?
- Which program are you listening?